Mescaline

Mescaline is a naturally occurring psychedelic alkaloid found in certain cacti species, such as the Peyote (Lophophora williamsii), San Pedro (Echinopsis pachanoi), and Peruvian Torch (Echinopsis peruviana). The drug is classified as a hallucinogen, and its primary effects include altered perception, euphoria, and heightened sensory experiences. ^1,2

The use of mescaline dates back several millennia and has been integral to the spiritual and religious ceremonies of indigenous peoples in the Americas, particularly Native Americans. The Peyote cactus, one of the primary natural sources of mescaline, was traditionally consumed in spiritual rituals for its mind-altering effects. It was not until the late 19th century that the active compound, mescaline, was isolated from the Peyote cactus. Subsequently, the drug gained attention in Western medicine and was studied for its psychological effects. ^3,4

Mescaline primarily affects the serotonin receptors in the brain. Its effects can vary depending on dosage, individual sensitivity, and environment. Typically, it induces a range of experiences, from subtle changes in perception to more drastic hallucinations. The drug may cause users to experience distorted perceptions of time and space, visual hallucinations, and altered thought patterns. Physiological effects may include increased heart rate, dilated pupils, and nausea. ^5,6,7

Appearance

Mescaline derived from Peyote or other cacti is often a white crystalline powder when chemically synthesised and purified. In its natural state, it exists within the cactus buttons, which are often dried and have a tough, fibrous texture. ^3,4

Tastе

The taste of mescaline is often described as extremely bitter. When consumed as part of a Peyote or San Pedro cactus, the bitterness is often amplified by the plant’s other naturally occurring compounds. ⁵

Smell

Mescaline itself is generally odourless, especially in its synthesised form. However, the Peyote and other cacti from which it is commonly derived may have a specific, somewhat earthy smell.⁷

It’s essential to note that dosages can vary based on individual factors, including body weight, metabolism, and prior experience with the drug. Additionally, the potency of natural sources like cactus buttons can vary. Here is a general guideline:

• Minimum to feel something: Around 100-200 mg of pure mescaline is often the threshold dose.
• Low dose: A low dose typically ranges from 200-300 mg.
• Common dose: A commonly reported dosage for a moderate experience is between 300-500 mg.
• High dose: Dosages above 500 mg are considered high and can lead to more intense and unpredictable effects.^6,7,8

What May Happen When Exceeding High Dose
Exceeding a high dose of mescaline (above 500 mg) could lead to an increased risk of adverse effects, including severe hallucinations, paranoia, and panic attacks. Overdosing could also lead to physical symptoms such as hyperthermia (increased body temperature), hypertension (high blood pressure), and tachycardia (rapid heart rate).^7,8

Users often report experiences of visual and auditory hallucinations, altered perceptions of reality, and heightened sensory experiences. Emotional effects may range from euphoria and a sense of interconnectedness to anxiety and panic.⁵

The effects of mescaline usually begin to manifest between 30 minutes to 2 hours after consumption.

The duration of mescaline effects generally ranges from 6 to 12 hours, depending on the dosage and individual differences in metabolism.⁶

Aside from the risks associated with high doses, mescaline also presents a danger in terms of impaired judgement and coordination, which can lead to risky behaviours or accidents. There is also the potential for ‘bad trips,’ which can be psychologically distressing. ^7,8

Mescaline is generally not considered physically addictive, but it can be psychologically habit-forming. Frequent use may also lead to tolerance, requiring higher dosages for the same effects.^7,8

Mescaline is classified as a Class A drug under the UK Misuse of Drugs Act 1971.¹⁰ This means that it is illegal to possess, distribute, or produce mescaline in the United Kingdom. Being caught in possession can result in up to seven years in prison, an unlimited fine, or both. Supplying or producing mescaline could lead to a life sentence in prison along with an unlimited fine. Penalties for possession and distribution are severe and may have lasting repercussions.

Mixing mescaline with other drugs, particularly other hallucinogens or stimulants, can intensify its effects and increase the risks of adverse reactions. Combining it with alcohol or depressants may alter the trip and can also increase the risk of respiratory issues.⁸

1. UNODC. (1969). The use of peyote and other mescaline-containing plants. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/bulletin/bulletin_1969-01-01_1_page005.html
2. Britannica. (n.d.). Mescaline https://www.britannica.com/science/mescaline
3. ScienceDirect. (n.d.). Mescaline – an overview. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/mescaline
4. DEA. (2020). Peyote and Mescaline. https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/Peyote%20and%20Mescaline-2020_0.pdf
5. Addiction Center. (n.d.). Mescaline (Peyote). https://www.addictioncenter.com/drugs/hallucinogens/mescaline-peyote/
6. Summit Malibu. (n.d.). A hallucinogen and its effects: Learn about mescaline. https://summitmalibu.com/blog/a-hallucinogen-and-its-effects-learn-about-mescaline/
7. Rehabspot. (n.d.). Mescaline. https://www.rehabspot.com/drugs/hallucinogens/mescaline/
8. ADF. (n.d.). Mescaline. Alcohol and Drug Foundation. https://adf.org.au/drug-facts/mescaline/
9. Drug Foundation. (2014). About a drug: Mescaline. https://www.drugfoundation.org.nz/matters-of-substance/archive/matters-of-substance-november-2014/about-a-drug-mescaline/
10. UK Government. (1971). Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1971/38/contents